SS 3 Agricultural Science (1st, 2nd & 3rd Term)

MEANING OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE Agricultural insurance refers to a type of insurance policy that provides compensation to farmers for losses they may incur. It safeguards against various risks, such as crop damage caused by natural disasters like hail, drought, floods, or decreases in agricultural commodity prices, which can lead to revenue loss. The significance of […]

Agricultural marketing encompasses all the essential activities that facilitate the movement of farm produce from producers to the final consumers. It’s a pivotal process that bridges the gap between production and consumption, culminating in the availability of goods for consumers. Importance/Significance of Agricultural Marketing Year-Round Availability: Agricultural marketing ensures a consistent supply of products throughout

Farm Records Farm records pertain to the methodical recording and arrangement of diverse data concerning agricultural operations and undertakings within a farm environment. These records are crucial for proficient farm administration, making informed decisions, devising financial strategies, and adhering to regulatory mandates. Depending on the farmer’s preferences and available resources, these records can be upheld

Definition of Agricultural Finance: Agricultural finance refers to the process of acquiring and utilizing capital within the realm of agribusiness. It involves managing the demand for and supply of funds to carry out various agricultural projects. The primary objective of agricultural financing is to increase the availability of resources, such as capital and productive factors,

Apiculture, commonly known as beekeeping, is the practice of managing and caring for bee colonies, primarily for the production of honey, beeswax, and other bee-related products. Beekeeping is an ancient practice that has been a vital part of agriculture and human culture for thousands of years. It serves various purposes, including pollination of crops and

1. Aquaculture Meaning This is the practice of cultivating aquatic organisms, such as fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants, in controlled environments. It involves the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of these organisms, usually in ponds, tanks, or other enclosures. There are several types of aquaculture, including: Mariculture: This refers to the cultivation of marine organisms, such

Preventive measures include vaccination, proper nutrition, sanitation, biosecurity practices, and quarantine to minimize disease introduction. Control strategies involve treating infected animals, isolating them, and implementing management practices to reduce transmission. Curative methods focus on providing medical treatment to alleviate disease symptoms and promote recovery. Safeguarding the health and well-being of animals within agricultural and veterinary

Ectoparasites are external parasites that live on the skin or in the fur of animals, such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites. Endoparasites are internal parasites that inhabit the animal’s internal organs or body cavities, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. The intricate relationship between livestock and parasites is a significant aspect of animal health

Examples of important livestock diseases include Foot-and-Mouth Disease (caused by a virus), Anthrax (caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis), Bovine Tuberculosis (caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis), and Newcastle Disease (caused by a virus). Livestock farming is a cornerstone of the global agriculture industry, providing essential resources such as meat, milk, and other animal-derived products.

Animal diseases refer to a range of abnormal conditions or illnesses that affect the health and well-being of animals. These conditions can be caused by various factors such as pathogens (microorganisms), environmental factors, genetics, and more. They can result in physiological and behavioural changes that impact the animal’s overall health and productivity. Causal Organisms of

Artificial insemination involves introducing semen into the female’s reproductive tract through a method other than natural mating. The semen, containing spermatozoa, is meticulously processed, diluted, and preserved by freezing at a temperature of -196°C in liquid nitrogen until needed. For successful artificial insemination, the following factors are crucial: 1. Utilizing viable spermatozoa. 2. Observing the

There are three approaches to enhancing animal quality, known as: 1. Introduction The introduction involves importing high-quality livestock breeds with desirable traits and a strong productive capacity from other regions or countries. Prior to introducing these animals from foreign sources (exotic breeds), it’s essential to ensure that these breeds possess superior qualities compared to the

The process of crop enhancement encompasses the phases of introduction, selection, and hybridization. INTRODUCTION This phase entails the import or introduction of crop varieties possessing desirable traits into regions where they have not previously existed. ADVANTAGES It facilitates the introduction of new varieties to new areas. Potential for increased productivity is heightened. Performance can excel

Crop improvement, also known as plant breeding or agricultural breeding, refers to the process of developing and enhancing the genetic traits of plants to produce improved and more desirable varieties or cultivars. Crop improvement aims to create plants that exhibit superior characteristics such as higher yield, better quality, resistance to diseases and pests, adaptability to

A stock exchange is a marketplace where buyers and sellers can trade stocks, which represent shares of ownership in publicly traded companies. While there isn’t a specific stock exchange dedicated exclusively to agriculture, agricultural companies can be listed and traded on various stock exchanges around the world. Some of the major stock exchanges where agricultural

 LIVESTOCK PARASITES A parasite is an organism that lives in or on another organism where it derives its nourishment without the host gaining anything from the association. FORMS OF PARASITES Endoparasites:- These are parasites which live within the body of animals. Examples are liverfluke, tapeworm, roundworm etc. Ectoparasites:- These are parasites which live outside or

ANIMAL PROTOZOAN DISEASES CONTENT Trypanosomiasis Coccidiosis Red water fever (Piroplasmosis)   PROTOZOAN DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION TRYPANOSOMIASIS   Cattle, Sheep and Goat Spread by the blood sucking Tse-tse fly which sucks blood from an infected animal and transmit the pathogen to healthy animal. Rise in body temperature, dullness in appearance, constant

ANIMAL FUNGAL DISEASES CONTENT Ringworm Aspergillosis   FUNGAL DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION RINGWORM Cattle Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Contact with contaminated feeders and water troughs Lesions (injury, damage, change in texture) in the skin of the animals, irritation of the skin, loss of appetite and weight. Disinfection of pens and equipment,

Anthrax
Brucellosis
Tuberculosis
Pullorum Disease
Fowl Typhoid
Fowl Cholera

SYMPTOMS, TRANSMISSION, EFFECTS, PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE CONTROL OF ANIMAL VIRAL DISEASES VIRAL DISEASES CONTENT Foot and mouth disease Rinderpest diseases Newcastle disease Fowl pox Gumburo disease   VIRAL DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE   Cattle, Sheep and Goat contact, air-borne, droplets of saliva, infected materials like urine, faeces.