SS 1 Chemistry (1st, 2nd & 3rd Term)

In our daily life, we come across many objects, the knowledge about which can be gained by one or more of our senses like sight, touch, hearing, taste and smelling. These objects possess mass, occupy space and may have different shapes, sizes and colours. All these objects constitute matter. Matter may thus, be defined as […]

Chemistry as a Subject and as a Central Science CHEMISTRY AS A DISCIPLINE Human mind has always been very curious to make investigations and know about various activities/phenomena occurring around him. This curiosity has led him to collect information through experiments and observations. The curious mind has also been responsible for the research activities of

ORBITALS OF THE ATOM The region in space within which there is maximum possibility of finding an electron in an atom is called an ATOMIC ORBITAL. We have s, p, d, and f orbitals. Shapes of s and p orbitals are as follows:                                                       

CONSTITUENTS OF AN ATOM Atoms are made up of sub-particles. Protons, electrons and neutrons. Proton has a positive charge, electron has a negative charge and neutron has no charge.   Atomic number and mass number The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. Mass number or

NAMING OF BINARY COMPOUNDS Nomenclature: This is the system of naming chemical compounds. The system is called IUPAC (International union of pure and applied chemistry). The naming is determined by the constituent elements in the compound and the oxidation number if necessary. In naming binary compounds (compounds with only two elements), electropositive elements (cations) are

STANDARD SEPARATION TECHNIQUES The importance of separating a mixture into its constituents cannot be over emphasized since most substances are needed in their pure form. There are many standard separation techniques. Some of these separating techniques are filtration, centrifugation and decantation. Others include sieving, magnetic separation and sublimation, evaporation, crystallization, fractional precipitation, distillation, fractional distillation,

COMPOUND A Compound is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined together. A compound is formed as a result of chemical change. Examples of compounds are Compound                               Constituent Elements Water                                       Hydrogen, oxygen Sand                                        silicon, oxygen Limestone                                calcium, carbon, oxygen Common salt                            sodium, chlorine Ethanol                                    carbon, hydrogen, oxygen   PROPERTIES OF A COMPOUND

ELEMENTS AND SYMBOLS An element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler units by ordinary chemical process. There are over one hundred known elements.   SYMBOLS OF ELEMENTS There are three ways in which symbols of elements are derived. From the first letter of the name of the element Element                        Symbols Hydrogen                                

Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space. It exists in three states namely: solid, liquid and gas. The fundamental difference between the three states of matter depends on the degree of movement of the particles they are made of. SOLID STATE The particles of a solid are tightly packed and held together by

DEFINITION OF LABORATORY A laboratory is a room or building equipped for scientific experimentation or research. It is a special facility where experiments are done and typically contains scientific equipment and apparatus.   LABORATORY APPARATUS Laboratory apparatus refers to the various tools or equipment used by scientists working in the laboratory. Some common laboratory apparatuses

CHEMISTRY AS A SCIENCE SUBJECT Science is an organized body of knowledge gathered through systematic experimentations and philosophical observations. Chemistry can be defined as a branch of science which deals with the study of the nature, structure, composition, properties and uses of all forms of matter and the changes in structure and composition which matter