Physics

Newton’s first law (law of inertia) This law states that “A body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it”. The mass of a body is a measure of its inertia. Inertia is the property that keeps an object in its state of motion and resists any […]

Introduction Refraction is the change of direction of light rays as they pass at an angle from one medium to another of different optical densities. Exp. To investigate the path of light through rectangular glass block. Apparatus: – soft-board, white sheet of paper, drawing pins (optical), rectangular glass block. Procedure Fix the white plain paper on

Fluid in physics refers to liquids and gases. To study fluid flow we have to make the following assumptions: We consider fluids to be incompressible We assume that they have little or no internal friction or viscosity.   Streamline and turbulent flow. The path followed by a small element of a moving fluid is called

Introduction: Oersted’s discovery. Hans Christian Oersted discovered the magnetic effect of a current in 1819. The direction of the field is dependent on the direction of the current. This discovery brought about the development of electric bells, electric motors, telephone receivers and radios.   Determining the direction of the lines of force. The direction of

Measuring length using vernier callipers. Vernier callipers is used when higher accuracy in measurement is required and this cannot be done using a metre rule. Vernier callipers has two scales; main scale and vernier scale. Outside jaws are used to measure both lengths and external diameters, inside jaws for measuring internal diameters while the tail

Work done per unit charge is called electrical potential. Current is the flow of charge. For current to be continuous, potential difference between the two points must be sustained. Sources of continuous currents. In this process work is continuously done in moving electrons against a repulsive force. A device in which the potential difference is

Some substances get charged when rubbed against other substances i.e. nylon, plastic, paper etc. the charge acquired stays within the body i.e. it does not move and therefore known as electrostatic charge or static electricity. The law of charges – types of charges There are two types of charges i.e. negative and positive charges. The

Objects that produce their own light are known as luminous objects i.e. the sun, torch lamps etc. objects that do not produce their own light are called non-luminous objects i.e. the moon. Opaque objects are those which do not allow light to pass through them. Translucent materials are those which allow light to pass through

Heat is transferred in matter through the following methods: conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction This is the transfer of heat in solids. The rate of conduction depends on Amount of temperature – the higher the temperature the higher the rate of transfer. Cross-sectional area – the larger the cross-sectional area the higher the transfer. Length

Pressure is defined as the force acting normally (perpendicularly) per unit area . The SI units for pressure is newton per metre squared (N/m2). One Nm-2 is known as one Pascal (Pa). Pressure = normal force / area or pressure = thrust / area . Another unit for measuring pressure is the bar. 1 bar =

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. Both Celsius scale (0C) and Kelvin scale (thermodynamic scale) are used to measure temperature. The Kelvin scale is also known as the absolute scale temperature and is measured from absolute zero (0 K). Expansion of solids When solids are heated they expand. The expansion

Science in our lives Scientists are people trained in science and who practice the knowledge of science. We require people in industries to work as engineers, technicians, researchers, in hospitals as doctors, nurses and technologists. Science gives us powerful ideas, instruments and methods which affect us in our daily lives. Scientific methods A laboratory is

MOTION Types of motion: (a) random motion (b) Translational motion  (c). Rotational motion  (d). Oscillatory motion  (e). relative motion Causes and effects of motion. Types of Motion Definition of motion: Motion by definition is a change in the position of a body with time. Motion exists in various forms and occurs in the three states

CIRCULAR MOTION 1. Meaning of circular motion Definition of terms Angular velocity ii. Tangential velocity iii. Centripetal acceleration Centripetal force v.  Centrifugal force  vi.  Period  vii. Frequency Calculations on circular motion. Meaning of circular motion Circular motion is the motion of a body around  a cicle. The simplest form of circular motion is the  uniform

MOTION 1. Force Types of forces. Friction and types. Calculations on friction. Advantages and disadvantages of friction. Ways of reducing friction. Force and the types, Friction and types Force can be defined as that which changes or tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion of a body. Force is a vector quantity

MEASUREMENT IN PHYSICS Measurement of area and volume Concept & measurement of time and ways of measuring time. MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME Volume of liquid objects is measured using instruments such as cylinder, burette, pipette, eureka can, etc. For regular solid objects, their volume could be determined using their mathematical formula. S/N Solid Object Formula for

Concept of position, Concept of distance and displacement Distinction between distance and displacement. CONCEPT OF POSITION The position of an object is its location in space. It is usually expressed in relation to a reference point. To locate an object in space, a co-ordinate system is needed. It is usually a mathematical construct with co-ordinates.