JSS 1 Agricultural Science (1st, 2nd & 3rd Term)

Pest may cause damages to crops in the following ways: Insect pest destroy field crops through their activities such as biting, chewing, boring and sucking They cause reduce in the viability (germinating capacity) of stored produce Heavy attack by insect pest may lead to total failure They reduce the market of crops especially fruits and […]

Pest is defined as only living organism, plant or animal which can cause damage to our cultivated crop plant, farm animal and human.  Examples of common pest include insect like grasshoppers and beetles, mammals such as rats and monkey and bird such as weaver bird. CLASSIFICATION OF INSECT PESTS ACCORDING TO THEIR FEEDING HABIT According

A weed is a plant that grows in a place where it is not wanted e.g. a vegetable plant growing on a cassava plot is a weed.

Farm animals, such as cows, pigs, chickens, and goats, are of great importance for several reasons: 1. Food Production: Farm animals are a significant source of food for humans. They provide meat, dairy products, eggs, and other essential nutrients that form a crucial part of our diets. Farm animals play a vital role in meeting

(1) It has large body size
(2) It is a ruminant that grazes on herb and pasture
(3) It has four pairs of hoofs on each limb
(4) Male and female have horns
(5) Calves at least once in a year

Farm animals come in various forms and play crucial roles in agriculture and food production. Here are some common forms of farm animals: 1. Cattle: Cattle are large ruminant animals commonly raised for meat (beef cattle) or dairy products (dairy cattle). They include breeds like Angus, Hereford, Holstein, and Jersey. 2. Pigs: Pigs, also known

The classification of crops is a way to categorize different plants based on various criteria such as their use, growth habits, life cycles, and botanical characteristics. Crop classification helps in organizing and studying plants systematically, understanding their requirements, and developing appropriate agricultural practices. Here are some common methods used for the classification of crops: 1.

Annual, Perennial, Biennial Annual plants  – Plants that perform their entire life cycle from seed to flower Annual Plains Coreopsis to seed within a single growing season. All roots, stems and leaves of the plant die annually. Only the dormant seed bridges the gap between one generation and the next. Biennial plants – Plants which

Aquatic plants : are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater ). They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes . These plants require special adaptations for living submerged in water, or at the water’s surface.   The principal factor controlling the distribution of aquatic plants is the depth

A plant is made up of many different parts. The three main parts are: the roots, the leaves, and the stem. Each part has a set of jobs to do to keep the plant healthy. The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and anchor the plant in the ground. The stem supports the

Agriculture is defined as the cultivation of the land to produce crops and the rearing of animals for man’s use. Agriculture has many branches. The form of agriculture practiced in an area depends on the size of the farm, purpose, availability of land, the type of soil in the area, topography of the land and

The three major importance of agriculture to man are Food Clothing Shelter Other importance of agriculture to nation are Provision of raw materials for agro-allied industries Employment or job opportunity Foreign exchange Earning Source of income Provision of market for industrial goods Revenue   See also MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE FARMING SYSTEM CULTURAL PRACTICES

Branches of Agriculture*.Importance of Agriculture to man and natural economy What is Agriculture? Agriculture means all the activities involved in rearing of animals and cultivation of crops for man’s and the nation’s benefits. The word agriculture was derived from two Latin words which are ‘agar’ and ‘culture’ meaning ‘land’ and ‘cultivation’. Agriculture is often defined

The functions of a farm manager can be grouped into five major headings:  (a) Organisation (b) Administration (c) Production (d) Marketing and (e) Evaluation. Organisation (i)         The farm manager secures suitable land for farming. (ii)        He determines what to produce. (iii)       He determines the scale of production. (iv)       He procures loan or capital for farming.

Management refers to the person or group of persons who co-ordinate, organize and control the use of other factors of production. In other words, the person(s) who combine other factors of production (land, labour and capital) to produce goods and services is called the entrepreneur or management. Management determines when to produce, what to produce,

Capital includes all man-made productive assets which are used in production. In other words, these are assets made by man to enable him to produce goods and services. Features of Capital (i)         Capital is also a factor of production. (ii)        Examples of capital include, hoe, cutlass, tractor, farm building, cash in hand, plough, etc. (iii)      

Labour includes all forms of productive human efforts put into or utilized in production. It also refers to man’s mental and physical exertions generated in the process of production. Features of Labour (i)         Labour is also one of the factors of production (ii)        Human efforts can be intellectual or mental, manual or physical, provided it

LAND Definition:  Land refers to where productive activities such as growing of crops, rearing of animals and establishment of farmstead, etc, are carried out. Features of Land (i)         Land is one of the factors of production. (ii)        Land is the gift of nature or a natural resource. (iii)       It is immobile and a fixed factor.

PROBLEMS OF FARM MANAGER Problems which a farm manager may face during the course of discharging his duties include: Inadequate Information: He may lack information on where to buy farm inputs, or acquire information on new innovations, current prices of farm produce, etc. Problems of Marketing: He may not know how and where to sell