Geography

A plain is an extensive area of level or gentle undulating land, usually a few meters  above the sea-level. Types of Plains (i) Structural Plain (ii) Erosional Plain (iii) Depositional Plain (1)        Structural Plains Mode of Formation: These are relatively undisturbed horizontal surface of the earth, formed by bedded sedimentary rocks. Examples include the Russian […]

Plateaux are elevated uplands. They have extensive flat or level surfaces which usually descend sharply to the surrounding lowland. It has gentle slope. They are often referred to as table lands because of their flat or level surfaces. Plateaus are tabular in shape, steep-sided with rough and irregular surface. They have narrow valleys and sometimes

Mountains are great elevated land surfaces resulting from intense action of internal forces. They have steep slopes and show distinct peaks. Mountains are classified according to their mode of formation, resulting in four major types of mountains. These are (i) Fold mountain (ii) Block Mountain (iii) Volcanic Mountain (iv) Residual mountain (a) Fold Mountains  Characteristics: 

A settlement is defined as a place containing one or more buildings with people living in them.  A settlement can be a city, village or a compound. Favourable conditions for siting a settlement: (i)         Adequate water supply (ii)         Fertile soil (iii)        Availability of low and well-drained land. (iv)        Good communication network (v)        Defence/Protection for human

Population is defined as the number of people living in an area at a particular time. In terms of countries, China is the most populous country, followed by India, United States, Indonesia etc. In Africa, Nigeria is the most populous country with an approximate population of over 160million people. POPULATION CONCEPTS (a)        OVER POPULATION: Over-population

CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS Conventional signs are symbols used to represent both natural and human features found in an area that is represented on a map. The conventional signs represent the language of the map. The map reader cannot read any map without the use of the signs. They are usually shown at the bottom of all

Trade refers to the buying and selling or exchange of goods and services between one region and another in the same country or between one country and another.  The former is called internal trade while the latter is called international trade. FACTORS WHICH FAVOUR INTERNAL TRADE Differences in products produced in the different regions of

Manufacturing industry is defined as the industry that is involved in the turning of raw materials into new products by mechanical or chemical process at home or in the factory. CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Most Nigeria industries rely on imported skilled labour from foreign countries. Most industries also depend on foreign countries for their raw

Transportation is defined as the movement of people, goods and commodities from one place to another either by land, water or by air. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION LAND TRANSPORT: This is the movement of people and goods from one place to another by land. Means of transportation by land include: Human portage: This involves the use

Environmental conservation is the process of preserving natural resources from loss, waste or exploitation in order to ensure continuous availability. Environmental conservation methods include the following: Afforestation Re-afforestation Cover-cropping Improved farming techniques Environmental education Recycling Legislation against environmental degradation. EVALUATION: Define environmental conservation. Mention some of the methods of environmental conservation. SOIL Soil is defined

Population is defined as the number of people living in an area at a particular time. The population of West Africa is not evenly distributed. Some areas are densely populated, some are moderately populated and others are sparsely populated. AREAS OF DENSE POPULATION: These include Lagos, Kano, Accra, Abidjan, Freetown, Monrovia, Dakar, etc. AREAS OF

Mining is defined as the extraction and processing of mineral resources into finished products.  Mining of Gold Mining of gold refers to the process of extracting gold from the earth’s crust. Gold mining has been practiced for thousands of years and remains a significant economic activity in various parts of the world. The process of

BUSH FALLOWING IN WEST AFRICA Bush fallowing is a system of farming or the cultivation of one piece of land for some years before the farmer leaves the piece of land to cultivate another in order to allow the former to regain lost nutrients.  Favourable Conditions Necessary for Bush Fallowing (i)         Abundance of large area

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a powerful tool used to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, and present spatial and geographic data. It combines hardware, software, and data to enable users to visualize, interpret, and understand information related to specific locations on the Earth’s surface. At its core, GIS uses geographic data, which includes both spatial

Remote Sensing is defined as the act of obtaining information about an object without being in direct contact with the object. A satellite is an artificial body placed in orbit around the Earth or on another planet to collect information or for communication. Satellite remote sensing is a satellite that studies the earth’s surface and

What is Tourism? Tourism is the process which involves the visiting of people to places of interest for pleasure, relaxation, entertainment or education. Tourism refers to the activities and industry associated with traveling for leisure, recreation, or business purposes to destinations outside one’s usual environment. It involves individuals or groups of people visiting places away

MOUNTAINS Mountains are great elevated land surfaces resulting from intense action of internal forces. They have steep slopes and show distinct peaks. Mountains are classified according to their mode of formation, resulting in four major types of mountains. These are (i) Fold mountains (ii) Block Mountains (iii) Volcanic Mountains and (iv)  Residual mountain   (a)      

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.   The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics.

The earth crust consists of rocks. A rock is any mineral material of the earth. It may be a combination of different mineral element such as silica which contains silicon and oxygen. All the rocks differ from one another in texture, structure, colour, permeability, mode of occurrence and degree of resistance to denudation.   Types

The internal structure of the earth is made up of three concentric layers which are (a) The crust (Lithosphere) (b) The mantle (Mesosphere) (c) The core (Barysphere)   The Crust This is subdivided into upper and lower crust. The upper crust consists of granite rocks and forms the continent. The main minerals here are silica