Catering

 Properties of Synthetic Fibres Synthetic fibres are made from chemical substances which are mainly derived from coal, oil or petroleum products. There are properties that are common to all synthetic fibres. Desirable Properties of Synthetic Fibres Synthetic fibres are very strong. They are therefore used to make a variety of items. Synthetics are smooth and […]

Wool What is wool? Wool is the hair or fur from animals such as sheep, goats or camels. Desirable Properties of Wool  It has a natural crimp which makes it warm to wear.  Wool is resilient making it crease resistant.  Wool is non-flammable  It is absorbent Properties of Silk – Silk is produced from the secretion

Cotton is absorbent making it suitable for towels and undergarments. Cotton is a strong fibre and can withstand the friction required in laundry work. This makes it suitable for school uniforms, children’s clothing and bed linen. Cotton can withstand mild alkalis and stain removers hence making it ideal for household linen and daily wear. Cotton

Roasting Method Cooking food using direct source of heat which can be done using an oven or over a charcoal fire. Ensure frequent basting or turning of food to keep it moist and ensure even cooking. Food to be roasted should be of good quality e.g. tender cuts of meats. The oven or fire should

The following sub-topics will be covered under this topic: Classification of Textile Fibres Properties of Textile Fibres Fibres Fibres are classified into two main groups: Natural 2.  Man-made 3.  Wool fibre Natural Fibres Animal Plant Mineral Animal Fibres Wool Silk Plant Fibres Cotton Linen Man-made Fibres These are fibres that are not made purely from

This is cooking food using steam from boiled water. Steaming can be done directly or indirectly. Have water boiling prior to steaming. The steamer must have a tight fitting lid to avoid loss of steam. The temperature of the water bath must be boiling throughout. Suggested Foods for steaming Fish, Green vegetables, Tender cuts of

Stewing is cooking food in a measured amount of liquids. Once the food has boiled it is allowed to simmer. Sufficient amount of liquid water or stock should be added for a stew of the right consistency. The saucepan or pot used should have a tight fitting lid to avoid loss of nutrients. Use gentle

Boiling is cooking food completely immersed in boiling water. General Rules  Moist foods should be put in cold water and then heated to boil.  The water should be at the boiling temperature throughout until food is cooked.  The food should be immersed in water.  Avoid overcooking.  Suggested Foods for Boiling Eggs, Meat, Starchy foods like

What is cooking? Cooking is a process of preparing food by applying heat. Discuss reasons for cooking food. Identify different methods of cooking. State general rules for different methods of cooking. Why do we cook food?   To improve flavour or taste of food.   To improve appearance and make it more appealing.   To

What is Food spoilage?  Food spoilage is the deterioration of food, making it unfit for human consumption. Food poisoning is the illness caused by eating contaminated food. Causes of Food Spoilage Poor storage of foods Chemicals present in food containers wrappers and packets Keeping food for too long until it rots, wilts or withers. Cover

Kitchen equipment is categorized into 3 main groups mainly:   Small equipment   Large equipment Small Kitchen Equipment These are usually classified according to their functions namely:  Measuring and weighing equipment  Cutting tools  Shaping and molding  Separating tools  Lifting, mixing, turning and scooping tools  Oven/baking utensils  Pans and pots (Cooking vessels)  Measuring and Weighing Equipment

Modern houses are more durable as they are made using strong materials like stones, cement, bricks, metal, and concrete hence making them permanent. Examples of modern houses include:   Bungalow   Mainsonette   Flats or Apartments Bungalow A house where all rooms and facilities are constructed on the ground floor. Comes in different shapes like

 Cleaning Equipment The home should be kept clean at all times. In order to maintain the cleanliness of the home, constant removal of dirt is important. The following equipment is necessary for the removal of dirt:   Brooms   Scrubbing brush   Cobweb brush   Carpet brush   Toilet brush   Buckets and Basins  

What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate help given to a person who has had an accident or sudden illness before being placed under medical care. It is usually done at the place where the accident occurs. A person who gives first help uses a First Aid Kit. This is a container with

Some insects such as bees, wasps and scorpions sting while others such as mosquitoes, ticks, lice and cockroaches bite. Keep the environment clean. Do not disturb bees and hornets. Air beddings thoroughly and change them frequently. Bites Clean the affected area thoroughly with clean water. If possible apply alcohol or alcohol mixed with iodine on affected

Drowning is the blockage of air passages by liquids when swimming or if one falls into water bodies such as lakes, rivers and basins. A child bending into a bucket full of water. The child then falls inside. Water storage containers must have tight fitting lids. Do not store water in open containers. All water

It occurs due to temporary loss of blood flow in the brain causing a brief loss of consciousness.  Illness such as anemia  After receiving bad or good news  Hunger  Overworking  Standing for a long time  Avoid standing for too long.  Avoid overcrowding and poorly ventilated rooms. Break bad news calmly. Lay the casualty down and

This happens when blood comes out of the nose. It may be caused by an injury, blowing the nose forcefully and picking the nose. Someone pinching the nose to prevent blood from coming out during nose bleeding. The head should be slightly bent.  Avoid picking the nose.  Avoid blowing the nose too hard and often

A foreign body is anything undesirable that enters into the body such as dust, insects and seeds (common with children). A child putting a bean in the nose and then breathing it out. People should protect their eyes when walking or working in an area where there are dust particles in the air e.g. by