Business Studies

Cash book is a book of accounting or ledger account used for recording cash receipt and payments of money. It is used to record all cash received and paid out by the organisations. The cash of a business constitutes cash in hand and cash bank. There are three types of cash book Single column / […]

A petty cash book is a cash book used for recording small or minor expenses of the business. Petty means small, the minor expenses may include postage stamp, carriage, telegram, stationary, telephone, envelopes etc. To establish the petty cash an amount called cash float is disbursted to the petty cashier in the beginning of a

Ledger is a principal book in which transaction are recorded in a summarize form. It is final destination of all transactions in the subsidiary book

Corruption is everywhere, it is a universal problem and everybody wants to eradicate it. The concept of TAP came about because of this reason. T – Transparency. A – Accountability P – Probity.   T – Transparency means to be clear, easily understood or quality of being truthful or without a hidden agenda. It also

Here are some shopping tips that can help you make the most of your shopping experience: 1. Make a shopping list: Before you head out or start browsing online, make a list of the items you need. This will help you stay focused and avoid impulsive purchases. 2. Set a budget: Determine how much you

Consumerism – The actions of individuals and government responsible for consumer dissatisfaction in exchange relations. In other words, consumerism is a protest of consumers against unfair business practices and business injustices. Consumerism makes sure that businesses provide useful information and make sure that consumers get quality for their money. Meaning of A Right This is

International paper sizes Paper sizes are produced and prepared base on folding and getting half of such a paper to arrive at other sizes. The largest + size of the international paper is AO half of it is A1 – AO. A1 is half of AO                                                         594mm * 841mm A2 is half of A1                                                          594mm

To speed up your development in shorthand, here are some tips that can help you improve your skills and increase your overall speed: 1. Master the Basics: Ensure you have a solid understanding of the shorthand system you’re using. Familiarize yourself with the basic symbols, strokes, and rules of the system. Practice writing them accurately

Trading account is prepared to determine the profit or gross loss in a particular business period. The gross profit or loss is the different between sales and cost of goods sold. Business prepares trading, profit and loss account to ascertain the financial position of a business at the end of the year. Contents of Trading

FINANCE: means decisions on how money is spent or invested i.e. it is the study of how money is managed, invested or spent on any project. Personal finance – is the process of controlling your money and making decisions to keep finances in check and out of debt. It helps to make monetary decision for

MARKET This is a place where buyer and seller meet together to transact business. Has a place where there is transfer of ownership of goods and services. Examples :   Idumota market, Katangowa market etc Market can also take place through communication between the seller and buyer without physical contact e.g. GSM, Internet, Jumia, OLX etc

The duties of a receptionist can be divided into two namely: Receiving callers or visitors Handling Telephone calls Receiving callers or visitors She receives visitors warmly She must make an appointment with visitors She makes visitors comfortable while waiting for an office She must receive and give information concerning the organisation She must direct the

The reception office is the first contact office which is well furnished can decorated to create good and lasting impression in the mind of visitor. It is an office where visitors or callers are welcomed and attended to. The office is well equipped with telephone, newspaper, journal, magazine, computer, fan and others.   A receptionist

TRIAL BALANCE Click on the link to open this lesson note TRIAL BALANCE   See also BOOK KEEPING CONSUMER COMMUNICATION TRANSPORTATION ADVERTISING

DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING Click on the link to open this lesson note DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING   See also CONSUMER COMMUNICATION TRANSPORTATION ADVERTISING DIRECT AND INDIRECT SERVICES

CONSUMER PROTECTION A Consumer – is an individual who makes final use of goods and services Protection – is covering Consumer protection – is defined as various ways and methods adopted by the government and private organisation to ensure that consumers are not cheated by producers and middlemen and that consumers enjoy maximum satisfaction from

Communication may be defined as a means of sending and receiving information from one person to another or from one place to another. It connects buyers and seller together and also aid trade in commerce. Role of communication Communication provides quick means of sending and receiving information It enhances the spreading of information about market

Transportation is a means by which raw materials, finished goods and people are moved from one place to another. IMPORTANCE OF TRASPORTATION IN COMMERCE Transportation helps to widen the market It encourages international trade It prevents wastage of perishable goods It helps to provide job opportunities It facilitates and quickening effective distribution of goods It

Advertising may be defined as business term or means or bringing the existence of new and old products in the market to the knowledge of the consumers. It is the process by which members of the public are informed about available goods in the market. Importance/functions of Advertising Advertising provides information about the goods in

DIRECT SERVICES Direct services are simply those services that are rendered to directly on person- to-person basis and the payment for them is made by us directly to the service providers. Examples of direct service occupations are barbing, services of a private doctor, a private teacher, a personal lawyer, a steward etc   INDIRECT SERVICES