Classification is defined as the arrangement of living things into groups based on structural genetic and cellular organization. This is called TAXANOMY.The system of classification of living things used today is based on that introduced by Swedish naturalist named Carl Von Linne(1707-1778).His name was better known in Latin as Carolus Linnaeus.He published the classification of […]
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Living things are those objects that have life e.g. plant and animals. Non-living things are those objects without life or lifeless objects. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS MOVEMENT: is defined as the ability of a living organism to move its own body or part of its body from one place to another. Living things
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Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living things and non-living things in our environment. The term Biology is coined from two Greek work bios meaning life and Logos meaning study. Therefore Biology is simply defined as study of life i.e. study of living things or Biology is defined as
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ADAPTATION Adaptation is defined as the ability of an organism to live successfully in a particular habitat as a result of its structure, appearance and behaviour. It is expected that every organism must adapt to its environment in order to survive. Plants and animals possess certain features which enable them to adapt to either aquatic
Biological Association In a community, there exist different kinds of biological associations between organisms of different species. Some of these biological associations are beneficial, some are neutral while others are harmful. Types of Associations Symbiosis Definition: This is a close association between two organisms in which one or both of them benefit from each
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CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Definition: Conservation is defined as the planned, control exploitation or judicious use of natural resources to ensure their continuous availability and to preserve the quality or original nature of the environment. In other words, conservation is the preservation of natural resources from loss, waste or exploitation through rational use and to
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POLLUTION Definition: Pollution is defined as the release of toxic or harmful substances into the environment by their natural forces or man and other animals to an extent that causes biological damage to man and his resources. In other words, pollution is the release of harmful substances into the environment, i.e., water, air and land
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Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is an abundant element in the atmosphere. It is an essential constituent of proteins, a group of substances found in all living cells. About 78% of air is composed of gaseous nitrogen. Plants cannot incorporate nitrogen gas into organic compound and therefore depend on various types of bacteria to make nitrogen available
Meaning Nutrient cycling refers to the movement of certain nutrients like nitrogen, carbon, water, oxygen and other elements from the environment into various organisms and back into the environment. The path along which the atoms or elements pass is called a cycle. The popular well known nutrients cycles are nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, water cycle
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Introduction Food production depends on the following Role of government in agricultural production Environmental factors required for food production 3Ways of improving crop production Role of Government in Agricultural production The role of government in agricultural production include Provision of agro-chemicals Provision of financial assistance. Provision of high quality planting materials Provision of tractors
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TERRESTRIAL HABITATS Organisms of the land are called terrestrial organisms. They include plants and animals that are found living on the ground and under the ground. Basically, terrestrial habitat is subdivided into four main parts, namely; marsh forest grassland/ savanna arid land/ desert EVALUATION What are terrestrial organisms? List four types of terrestrial habitats
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HABITAT (AQUATIC HABITAT) Habitat is a place where organisms (plants, microorganisms and animals) are naturally found e. g. the habitat of tadpole is the bottom of fresh water ponds or streams. There are three main types of habitats, namely; aquatic habitat (in or around water), terrestrial habitat (in or on land) and arboreal habitat (in
DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOTE IN FLOWERING PLANTS, GERMINATION OF SEEDS, ADAPTIVE FEATURES IN A DEVELOPING ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT OF ZYGOTE IN PLANTS Pollination is followed by fertilization and the development of zygote in flowering plants during which the flower changes into a fruit enclosing the seeds. The male and female sex cells that form zygote at fertilization
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COURTSHIP BEHAVIOURS IN ANIMALS Courtship is a reproductive communication between males and females of a species that ends in sexual union. Courtship behaviours in animals include PAIRING: – A form of courtship in which a compatible male and female separate themselves from other in a group to form a mating pair. Pairing occurs in human,
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THE ORGAN OF HEARING Mammals have two ears on each side of the head. The greater part of it is enclosed in the skull for protection. The ear is for hearing as well as for maintaining balance. STRUCTURE OF THE EAR AND THEIR FUNCTIONS The mammalian ear is divided into 3 parts. The outer ear.
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SENSORY RECEPTORS All living organisms respond to changes in their environment (stimuli). These changes can be mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical or thermal. Though most cells in the bodies of organisms are sensitive to stimuli, certain cells specialize in detecting a particular type of stimulus, these are called sense cells or sensory receptors which are quite many
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REFLEX AND VOLUNTARY ACTIONS Actions are responses to stimuli. These actions are grouped into two: involuntary (reflex) and voluntary actions. REFLEX ACTIONS Reflex actions are automatic responses to stimuli which do not involve the conscious or higher centre of the brain. These actions are mainly protective, guarding us from dangerous stimuli and helping us
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THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM These include the sensory system (receptor and nerves leading from all parts of the body to the CNS) and the motor system (nerves running from the CNS to the effectors). The PNS consists of twelve cranial nerves (connecting the brain to the head and neck region) and thirty one spinal nerves
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous and hormonal systems co-ordinate various biological activities in the body of multicellular animals, the basic structural unit of nervous system is the nerve cell called neurone. It consists of a dense, cell body and protoplasmic processes called nerve fibres. A bundle of long nerve fibre is called a nerve. The
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HORMONES AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS Hormones are chemical substances produced or secreted by endocrine glands (ductless glands) in response to various stimuli. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and circulated to exert their effect on their target organs. This effect could be to speed up or slow down biological reactions. A few hormones like thyroxine and
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