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FARMING PRACTICES The following farming practices have consequences or effects on the soil;   BUSH BURNING This involves the setting of fire on the bushes to clear out the vegetation MERITS It releases potassium and phosphorus as ash It has some sterilizing effect on the soil It stimulate the growth of fresh grass It destroys

PLANT NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENT CYCLES Plant nutrients are classified into two, these includes macronutrient and micronutrient.   MACRONUTRIENTS These are mineral elements or nutrients required by crops in large quantities. Examples are: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur.   MICRONUTRIENT OR TRACE ELEMENTS These are mineral elements or nutrients required by crops in small

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION These factors are grouped into three, Climatic factor Biotic factor Edaphic factor   CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time. The elements of climate are: rainfall, humidity, light, temperature, drought, wind, sunlight, humidity e.t.c.   RAINFALL Rainfall

IRRIGATION This is the artificial application of water to soil or land for farming purposes.   FACTORS THAT DETERMINES IRRIGATION SYSTEM Availability of water. Slope of the land. Soil type. Type of crop. Size of the farmland.   IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION IN CROP PRODUCTION Irrigation softens the soil for tillage operations. It provides moisture in

MEANING OF FARM SURVEYING Farm surveying is defined as the process of measuring and mapping out the position, topography, size and boundary of an area of farm land. It can also be defined as the process by which measuring of land is made on the farm.   IMPORTANCE OF FARM SURVEYING It helps to determine

FARM MACHINERY Farm machinery includes various types of machines and implements used in the farm. These include tractor, plough, harrows, cultivators, ridgers, planter, harvesters, shellers, dryer, sprayer, and incubators TRACTOR: It is a powerful and expensive multipurpose motor vehicle used for lifting or pulling farm implements.   IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE TRACTOR The power takes

The five major factors which control soil formation are: climate, parent materials, topography, biotic factors and time. CLIMATE: Climate is the average weather condition of a place over long period time. The elements of climate are: temperature, rainfall, wind and pressure. Temperature: The alternating cooling and heating of rocks results in continual expansion and contract

MEANING OF SOIL Soil can be defined as the unconsolidated weathered materials found in the upper most layer of the earth surface on which plants grow. It provides support and nutrients for the plants.   TYPES OF SOIL The three types of soil are; Sandy Soil, Clay Soil and Loamy Soil.   SANDY SOIL A

MEANING OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE Agricultural insurance is the insurance policy which provides compensation to famers for losses suffered. For example, the loss of their crops due to natural disasters such as hail, drought and floods or the loss of revenue due to declines in the prices of agricultural commodities. Insurance is one of the tools

Meaning of Agricultural Finance Agricultural finance is the act of acquisition and use of capital in agribusiness. It deals with the demand for and supply of fund order to carry out various projects on the field of agriculture. The main objective of financing is to increase and other productive factors, stocks available to farmers so

This is the introduction of semen into the reproductive tract of the female by a method other than natural mating. The semen containing the spermatozoa are carefully handled,diluted and stored in freezer at a temperature of -1960C in liquid nitrogen until it is required for use. For artificial insemination to succeed, the following must be

MEANING OF ANIMAL IMPROVEMENT Animal improvement refers to the ways of developing and breeding only those animals that show the greatest merit under consideration such as good feed conversion, growth rate, disease resistance, egg size, etc. It also involves the upgrading of existing (local) breeds as a result of some undesirable characteristics which they possess.

A fish pond is an artificial body of water in which fishes are reared for commercial purposes. There are various yes of fish pond. It is a confined body of water where fishes are raised under controlled conditions. Fish can also be raised in plastics, fiber stars and wooden rafts. There are three types of

FISH FARMING Fish farming (pisciculture) involves raising selected fish species commercially underscientifically controlled conditions in enclosed water bodies such as ponds, lakes etc where they live, feed, breed and are harvested for man’s use. Common fish species reared commercially includes salmon, tilapia, catfish, crab etc. Fishery: This is the study of fish and other aquatic

Agricultural extension is the process, system or service which assists farmers or farm people through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques. In other words, Agricultural extension is the process whereby the beneficial products of research are taken to the farmers and the problems of farmers taken to research institutions for solution.   Agricultural

MALNUTRITION IN FARM ANIMALS Malnutrition is said to occur when a ration (amount of feed provided to an animal per day) does not provide all the food nutrients(carbohydrate, protein,fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, water and other feed additives) in adequate quantities. Those nutrients wanting are said to be deficient which eventually results in nutritional disease.

MANAGEMENT OF RUMINANT [CATTLE] Cattle Breeds of cattle Terms used in cattle management Characteristics of cattle System of rearing cattle Feeding of cattle Management of cattle   Cattle are ruminant animal (they have complex or complicated stomach structures). Cattle have hollow horns and hoofs. They are reared for meat, milk, hide and skin, manure and

MANAGEMENT OF A MONOGASTRIC ANIMAL (PIGS) Terms used in pigs management Breeds of pigs Characteristics of pigs System of rearing pigs Housing, feeding and hygiene Management of pigs Pigs are non-ruminant animals in the genus sus, within even-toed ungulate family suidae. They are primarily reared for meat.   TERMS USED IN PIGS MANAGEMENT Boar: a

Environmental physiology refers to the effects of the environment on the growth and performance of farm animals. It is the study of the environment in relation to the response of farm animals. The effects could be high or low in nature. Moderation is the target for optimum growth and performance.   CLIMATE Climate refers to